With the impulse to indulge in comfort foods combined with the excesses that come with holiday eating, the winter season is a good time to talk about gastritis.
Gastritis is the inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which is the lining of the stomach. This condition can occur suddenly (acute gastritis) or develop gradually and linger over time (chronic gastritis). It can be a very painful and frustrating condition for individuals because of the varying degrees of discomfort they can experience from any number of triggers, namely eating, drinking, and hunger pain. However, as with all health concerns, the first step to managing gastritis is with greater understanding about its causes, symptoms and treatment options.
To start, there are a variety of reasons gastritis may develop, including:
● SIBO small intestine bacterial overgrowth – The most common cause isHelicobacter pylori bacteria, also known as H. pylori.
● Alcohol or drug use – Excessive consumption of alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and certain other medications can irritate the stomach lining.
● Autoimmune disorders – The immune system may mistakenly attack the stomach lining.
● Stress – Physical stress from surgery, injury, or severe illness can also contribute.
● Other medical conditions – Certain diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, can affect the stomach lining.
Despite how it manifests, gastritis is characterized by a set of symptoms primarily targeting the body’s stomach and bowels. Symptoms can occur intermittently and might worsen during periods of stress or after certain foods or drinks. In cases of chronic gastritis, symptoms may be less pronounced, but can still lead to complications such as ulcers or increased risk for stomach cancer.
Common symptoms of gastritis include:
1. Abdominal Pain – A dull ache or a sharp pain in the upper abdomen; may be more pronounced on an empty stomach.
2. Nausea and Vomiting – Sometimes with blood or material resembling coffee grounds.
3. Bloating – A feeling of fullness or swelling in the abdomen.
4. Indigestion – Discomfort or a burning sensation in the stomach, often after eating.
5. Loss of Appetite – May be due to discomfort or nausea.
6. Dark or Tarry Stools – This can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding and should be addressed promptly.
7. Fatigue – Chronic gastritis may lead to anemia due to prolonged blood loss, which can cause fatigue or weakness.
8. Hiccups – Persistent hiccups may be a less common symptom.
Gastric Pain: Where, When and How
In cases of gastritis, pain is typically felt in the upper abdominal area, specifically in the region known as the epigastric area, which is located just below the ribcage in the center of the abdomen. The pain may be sharp, a dull ache, or a burning sensation. In some cases, the pain may radiate to the back, or be felt in the upper left or right parts of the abdomen; but it is primarily localized in the epigastric region.
Pain symptoms can often be aggravated by certain foods or by eating habits. Many people experience pain or discomfort shortly after eating, particularly if they consume spicy, fatty, or rich foods, as well as by consuming alcohol. This can lead to a burning sensation in the upper abdomen or bloating. Nausea and a nagging ache may also occur, as the stomach lining reacts to the presence of food. Conversely, some people may also feel abdominal pain or discomfort when they are hungry or on an empty stomach. This is typically due to increased stomach acid irritating the inflamed gastric mucosa, which results in a gnawing or burning pain, sometimes relieved temporarily by eating something.
Diagnosing & Treating Gastritis
When evaluating chronic gastritis, healthcare professionals use a combination of methods to determine the underlying causes. The diagnostic process typically begins with obtaining a detailed medical history — symptoms, duration, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, use of medications (particularly NSAIDs or corticosteroids), and any history of gastrointestinal disorders — and a physical exam to assess the abdomen and check for tenderness or pain. Findings from additional testing — blood, stool, H. pylori, antibody and urea breath tests — can help pinpoint causes. Testing for autoimmune conditions, or more invasive procedures, like an Endoscopy or imaging studies, may be ordered to evaluate the stomach and other abdominal organs if complications are suspected, or to rule out other conditions. Finally, Biomeridian testing can help to identify food allergies and sensitivities, energy blockages and imbalances to fine tune your dietary, supplements and overall treatment plan.
Treatment for gastritis typically involves a combination of diet, medication, and lifestyle changes, as well as methods for addressing the underlying causes and managing chronic symptoms. Of these options, diet plays one of the most crucial roles because of the highly concentrated effects on the digestive system. Changes in diet and eating habits, plus support from natural and herbal supplements, help alleviate symptoms and aid stomach and overall digestive health.
Diet for Gastritis
Dietary recommendations will vary by individual, and a practitioner should be consulted if there is the presence of any food allergies or sensitivities. But here are general guidelines that may help soothe the stomach lining and minimize irritation:
1. Low-Fat Foods – Opt for lean meats, poultry, and fish; include low-fat dairy products, if tolerated.
2. Fruits and Vegetables – Choose non-acidic fruits such as bananas, apples, pears, and melons. Cooked vegetables (e.g., carrots, spinach, potatoes) are usually easier to digest than raw.
3. Whole Grains, if tolerated – Incorporate whole-grain bread, rice, oatmeal, and cereals, all of which are typically more gentle on the stomach.
4. Healthy Fats – Use in moderation, such as avocados and olive oil.
5. Hydration – Drink plenty of water. Herbal teas (like ginger or chamomile) can also be soothing.
6. Probiotic-rich Foods – Incorporate yogurt with live cultures, kefir, or fermented foods to help restore the balance of stomach bacteria.
Following is a list of foods to avoid when implementing a diet plan:
1. Spicy Foods – Avoid hot peppers and heavily spiced foods that can irritate the stomach lining.
2. Citrus Fruits – Limit consumption of oranges, lemons, limes, and tomatoes, which can increase acidity.
3. Alcohol, Caffeinated and Carbonated Beverages – Limit or eliminate alcohol coffee, tea, soda, and energy drinks, as they may irritate the stomach.
4. Fatty, Fried, and Processed/Packaged Foods – They are difficult to digest and high in preservatives and additives.
5. Dairy Products and Gluten – If food sensitivities exist; some people may find full-fat dairy products, like whole milk and cheese, can worsen symptoms. Monitor your tolerance.
When used as part of an overall nutrition plan, there are several natural supplements and herbs that may alleviate gastritis symptoms and support overall digestive health. Combinations are highly individualized, so before starting any usage, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider; these nutritional aids can interact with medications or have contraindications for certain conditions.
Here are some supplements that are often considered to help support stomach health and healing in individuals with gastritis:
● Probiotics – These beneficial bacteria help restore the balance of gut flora, especially after antibiotic treatment or in cases of H. pylori infection; they may also enhance digestion and reduce inflammation.
● L-Glutamine – This amino acid is vital for maintaining gut lining integrity and may help promote healing of the gastric mucosa.
● Omega-3 Fatty Acids – Found in fish oil, these fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties that may help reduce inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.
● Vitamin C – An antioxidant that may support healing and reduce inflammation; however, it should be taken with caution, as high doses may irritate the stomach in some individuals.
● Zinc Carnosine – This combination of zinc and carnosine may help promote the healing of the gastric mucosa.
Here are some herbs commonly associated with soothing gastritis symptoms:
● Aloe Vera – Known for its soothing properties, aloe vera juice may help reduce inflammation and irritation in the stomach lining.
● Chamomile – Often consumed in tea for its calming effects and may help soothe the stomach and reduce discomfort.
● Turmeric – Contains curcumin, a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help reduce inflammation in the stomach lining.
● Licorice Root – Deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) is a form of licorice that does not raise blood pressure; it may help protect the stomach lining and reduce irritation.
● Slippery Elm – This herb can help form a protective coating in the stomach and may soothe digestive tract inflammation.
● Peppermint – Traditionally used to relieve digestive issues, peppermint tea may help relax the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, although it can sometimes worsen symptoms for some individuals with reflux.
● Ginger – Often used to combat nausea and promote digestion, ginger tea or fresh ginger can be soothing and may have anti-inflammatory effects.
● Marshmallow Root – Has a soothing effect on mucous membranes and may help relieve inflammation in the digestive tract.
Finally, along with adopting a healthy lifestyle — managing stress and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol, etc., are key — being mindful in how you eat can help combat gastritis. For instance, instead of three large meals a day, opt for smaller portions and more frequent meals to avoid overwhelming the stomach. Ensure food is well-chewed to aid digestive processes, and avoid lying down immediately after eating to prevent reflux and discomfort. Lastly, maintaining a food diary to keep track of what you eat and how it affects your symptoms can help identify specific triggers.
Acupuncture For Gastritis
If you are looking for an additional alternative treatment option in conjunction with herbs to help manage and heal gastritis, acupuncture can play an important role in recovery. This traditional Chinese medicine practice that involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body promotes healing and maintaining balance. The potential benefits are numerous:
1. Pain Relief – May help alleviate abdominal pain; it aims to release endorphins and improve blood circulation, which could reduce inflammation and discomfort.
2. Reduction of Symptoms – Acupuncture and acupressure help with associated symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and indigestion.
3. Stress Relief – May help reduce stress and anxiety, contributing to overall digestive health and potentially alleviating gastritis symptoms.
4. Improvement of Digestive Function – Supports general digestive function and helps balance the body’s energies, which can be beneficial for gastrointestinal health.
Managing gastritis can be done effectively by making gradual changes and monitoring how your body responds. It is essential to have a personalized dietary plan based on individual needs and triggers, to support your nutritional needs with customized supplements and/or herbs, and to incorporate available conventional and alternative treatment options to reinforce your healing journey.
Helena Amos, M.Ac., L.Ac., is a licensed acupuncturist, European physician and Functional Medicine (FM) practitioner with 30+ years of clinical experience. She combines modern FM with Traditional Oriental Medicine, as well as provides the BioSET protocols, Biomeridian assessments, and treatments using natural, safe herbal and nutritional approaches for individualized care. She is Founder/Owner of the Acupuncture and Natural Medicine Clinic in Rockville, MD, and is available for free 20-minute in-office and telehealth consultations. Visit rockvilleacupuncturemd.com.
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