Nothing ruins a good day, a good vacation or simply a good meal like experiencing digestive problems. They can be uncomfortable, disruptive, or even embarrassing in your daily life. There are any number of reasons — some commonly known, others less understood — that are potential causes for your digestive woes. It’s important to learn more about the various factors that can affect digestion in order to find appropriate solutions and learn tips for managing and improving digestive health.
Most people readily understand that digestion is affected by poor eating habits, both behavioral and dietary. Negative outcomes can stem from: regularly consuming large meals or overeating; eating too quickly or not chewing food thoroughly; or simply not eating an adequate amount of fiber or variety of healthy foods in your daily diet.
Gastrointestinal disorders are also commonly understood to cause digestive distress. For instance, acid reflux (GERD) occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and discomfort; it is a frequent side effect associated with many of those poor eating habits mentioned. A more serious and chronic disorder is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), which affects the large intestine, causing abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements. The most pervasive and concerning is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes conditions such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, characterized by chronic inflammation of the digestive tract.
There is also widespread understanding that certain medications and medical conditions — like diabetes, thyroid disorders, or pancreatic insufficiency — as well as stress and/or various lifestyle factors, can impact digestive processes, either directly or as a side effect. Chronic stress or anxiety can affect digestion by altering hormone levels and increasing sensitivity in the gut. A sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, and inadequate hydration can also play their parts.
Dysbiosis and Related Conditions
Dysbiosis is one of the less commonly known or understood causes at the root of digestive problems. The term is used to describe an imbalance in the microbial communities that naturally reside in certain parts of the body, particularly the gut. The human gut microbiota contains trillions of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses that play a crucial role in maintaining overall health and proper function of the digestive system.
When a person experiences dysbiosis, there can be changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, which can have various negative effects on health. The symptoms of dysbiosis can vary among individuals, but they may include related digestive issues (e.g., bloating, gas, diarrhea), weakened immune function, skin problems, irregular bowel movements, and changes in mood or mental health.
Following are some potential causes of dysbiosis:
- Antibiotic use – While antibiotics can be life-saving medicines, they can also disrupt the natural balance of gut bacteria by killing off both harmful and beneficial microorganisms.
- Poor diet – Consuming a diet high in processed foods, sugar, and low in fiber can negatively impact the gut microbiota diversity and composition.
- Stress – Chronic stress can affect the gut-brain axis, causing disturbances in gut health and microbial imbalances.
- Environmental factors – Exposure to certain pollutants or toxins may disrupt the gut microbiota.
- Infections – Certain infections, such as bacterial or parasitic infections, can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria.
- Medical conditions – Some conditions, like IBD, IBS, or celiac disease — an autoimmune disorder triggered by the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye — can be associated with dysbiosis.
- Food intolerances or allergies – Lactose intolerance (the inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products), gluten intolerance or celiac disease, and other food allergies or sensitivities can cause digestive symptoms.
It’s important to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan if you suspect you may be experiencing dysbiosis. Treatment often involves restoring the balance of the gut microbiota, primarily through dietary changes, such as consuming a diverse, nutrient-rich and fiber-rich diet. Probiotics or prebiotics (substances that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria) may be recommended. In some cases, medical interventions or supplements may also be necessary.
The presence of Dysbiosis can also either manifest or be associated with other conditions that can cause digestive issues, namely Candida, pancreatic insufficiency, and gallbladder disorders.
Candida
Candida overgrowth is a condition that occurs when the normally present Candida fungus in the body grows out of control. This can happen from a number of reasons, such as a weakened immune system, antibiotic use, a high-sugar or high-carbohydrate diet, hormonal imbalances, or prolonged stress. Candida overgrowth can disrupt the balance of the gut microbiota, leading to an infection known as candidiasis.
When Candida overgrowth affects the digestive system, it can cause symptoms such as bloating, gas, indigestion, food sensitivities, and diarrhea or constipation. It can also impair nutrient absorption, leading to deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals. Candida albicans is the most common type of Candida, causing various health issues, including poor digestion, exhaustion, and brain fog.
Brain fog is a term used to describe a range of cognitive impairments, such as difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and mental fatigue. While the exact relationship between Candida overgrowth and brain fog is not fully understood, it is believed the toxins produced by Candida may affect brain function and neurotransmitter activity, leading to these symptoms.
Exhaustion, or fatigue, is another common symptom associated with Candida overgrowth. The body’s immune response and the metabolic processes involved in fighting the overgrowth can be energy-intensive, leading to feelings of tiredness, weakness, and lack of energy.
Treating Candida overgrowth typically involves dietary and lifestyle changes, as well as antifungal medications or natural remedies. Dietary changes may include reducing or eliminating foods that promote Candida growth, such as sugars, refined carbohydrates, and alcohol. Increasing the intake of fiber-rich foods, probiotics, and antifungal foods may also be recommended.
In severe cases, healthcare professionals may prescribe antifungal medications to target the overgrowth. Natural remedies such as herbal supplements, essential oils, and probiotics can also be used to support the balance of the gut microbiota.
Pancreatic Insufficiency
Pancreatic insufficiency occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce enough digestive enzymes, such as lipase, amylase, and protease, to break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the digestive system. This can lead to problems with digestion and absorption of nutrients, resulting in various manifestations.
Some common manifestations of pancreatic insufficiency include:
- Steatorrhea – a condition characterized by the presence of oily or fatty stools due to the incomplete digestion and absorption of fats.
- Weight loss – due to the body’s inability to properly digest and absorb nutrients over time.
- Malnutrition – as a result of the body’s inability to absorb essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients.
- Nutrient deficiencies – due to deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K, as well as certain minerals.
To help manage pancreatic insufficiency, healthcare professionals may recommend supplements and other vitamins and minerals. Pancreatic enzyme supplements contain digestive enzymes like lipase, amylase, and protease that can help break down fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. They can be taken with meals to aid digestion. Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, may be recommended if there is a deficiency to ensure adequate intake. And depending on individual needs, supplements of other vitamins and minerals may be recommended to address any deficiencies that may have occurred due to poor nutrient absorption.
Gallbladder Disorders
The gallbladder is a small organ located just below the liver. Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, liver disease, or genetic disorders, can affect the normal functioning of the gallbladder. In addition, many of the factors contributing to digestive problems can lead to the development of gallbladder disorders, of which there are several common types, including:
Gallstones – hardened deposits that can form due to an imbalance in the bile causing pain and obstruction of the bile duct; deposits may be caused by a high-fat diet, obesity, rapid weight loss, certain medications, or a family history of gallstones.
- Cholecystitis – inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by a bacterial infection or gallstones blocking the bile ducts.
- Choledocholithiasis – an obstruction that occurs when gallstones move from the gallbladder to the common bile duct.
- Biliary dyskinesia – a malfunction of the gallbladder affecting its ability to contract and release bile properly.
Treatment for gallbladder disorders depends on the specific condition and its severity. In some cases, surgical intervention may be required, such as a laparoscopic cholecystectomy to remove the gallbladder, or a procedure to remove gallstones from the bile ducts. Non-surgical treatments can involve supplements, medication, or changes in diet. Oral bile acid supplements, for example, help to replace or compensate for the lack of bile in individuals with gallbladder dysfunction or bile obstructions. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a medication that dissolves cholesterol-based gallstones and may be prescribed to individuals who are not suitable candidates for surgery. Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications may also be recommended to manage pain associated with gallbladder disorders. And in general, certain dietary modifications, such as reducing fat intake, may be advised to help manage symptoms and prevent gallstone formation.
Restoring Intestinal Mucosa
The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestinal tract that acts like a barrier, allowing the good nutrients in and keeping out any external threats that can compromise the gut. Restoring the intestinal mucosa to prevent leaky gut is an important step in improving gut health, which is key to preventing digestive problems.
Some strategies for restoring the intestinal mucosa include:
- Anti-inflammatory diet: Adopting a diet low in processed foods, refined sugars, and unhealthy fats, and high in whole foods such as fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help reduce inflammation in the gut and support mucosal healing.
- Probiotics: Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that help restore balance in the gut microbiome; they are found in fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, or ingested through a high-quality probiotic supplement. They promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, enhance the intestinal barrier function, and reduce gut inflammation.
- Digestive enzymes: Taking digestive enzyme supplements supports the breakdown and absorption of nutrients, reducing stress on the gut and promoting healing.
- L-glutamine: This amino acid plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal health. It helps repair the intestinal lining, regulate immune function, and reduce inflammation. It can be obtained through dietary sources like meat, eggs, and dairy, or taken as a supplement.
- Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts, have anti-inflammatory properties and can help promote healing of the intestinal mucosa.
- Stress management: Chronic stress can negatively impact gut health and the integrity of the intestinal mucosa. Practicing stress-reducing techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, Yoga, and regular exercise can help improve gut health.
Managing Digestive Problems
If any of the symptoms or conditions sound way too familiar to you, or you have been living with them already for far too long, consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and individualized treatment plan. As we’ve discussed, managing your particular digestive disorder involves determining the causative factors in order to give appropriate attention. In Functional Medicine-led practices like mine, we employ Bioset Biomeridian testing, pulse pictures, supplements and iridology in addition to taking down a thorough medical history, conducting lab work, and making use of medical intuition to recognize causative factors.
In general, there are several common sense practices you can adopt for managing digestive problems:
- Maintain a balanced and nutritious diet, including fiber-rich foods.
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals and chew food thoroughly.
- Identify and avoid trigger foods that may be causing intolerances or allergies.
- Stay hydrated and incorporate regular physical activity into your routine.
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques, exercise, and seeking support when needed.
At the end of the day, remember the old Spanish proverb, “The belly rules the mind.” Bon Appetit!
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If you are experiencing digestive problems and wish to explore Functional Medicine and other treatment options, schedule a FREE consultation, or book an appointment with us. Contact our office: 301-881-2898, or email [email protected].